Roman Numerals Table
Roman numerals are a number system from ancient Rome that uses combinations of letters to represent values. This reference table lists 1 through 100, explains the base symbols and subtraction rule, and includes a free converter for any value from 1 to 3,999.
Roman Numeral Converter
Convert between Arabic numbers and Roman numerals (1–3,999).
Base Symbols
Every Roman numeral is built from seven letters, each with a fixed value.
| Symbol | I | V | X | L | C | D | M |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | 1 | 5 | 10 | 50 | 100 | 500 | 1,000 |
How Roman Numerals Are Formed
- Addition rule: symbols of equal or decreasing value are added left to right. VI = 5 + 1 = 6.
- Subtraction rule: a smaller symbol placed before a larger one is subtracted. IV = 5 − 1 = 4, IX = 10 − 1 = 9.
- Repetition limit: a symbol never repeats more than three times in a row (III = 3, but 4 is IV, not IIII).
- Only six subtractive pairs are valid: IV (4), IX (9), XL (40), XC (90), CD (400), CM (900).
Roman Numerals Table (1 to 100)
Complete table converting 1 through 100 to Roman numerals.
| Number | Roman Numeral |
|---|---|
| 1 | I |
| 2 | II |
| 3 | III |
| 4 | IV |
| 5 | V |
| 6 | VI |
| 7 | VII |
| 8 | VIII |
| 9 | IX |
| 10 | X |
| 11 | XI |
| 12 | XII |
| 13 | XIII |
| 14 | XIV |
| 15 | XV |
| 16 | XVI |
| 17 | XVII |
| 18 | XVIII |
| 19 | XIX |
| 20 | XX |
| 21 | XXI |
| 22 | XXII |
| 23 | XXIII |
| 24 | XXIV |
| 25 | XXV |
| 26 | XXVI |
| 27 | XXVII |
| 28 | XXVIII |
| 29 | XXIX |
| 30 | XXX |
| 31 | XXXI |
| 32 | XXXII |
| 33 | XXXIII |
| 34 | XXXIV |
| 35 | XXXV |
| 36 | XXXVI |
| 37 | XXXVII |
| 38 | XXXVIII |
| 39 | XXXIX |
| 40 | XL |
| 41 | XLI |
| 42 | XLII |
| 43 | XLIII |
| 44 | XLIV |
| 45 | XLV |
| 46 | XLVI |
| 47 | XLVII |
| 48 | XLVIII |
| 49 | XLIX |
| 50 | L |
| 51 | LI |
| 52 | LII |
| 53 | LIII |
| 54 | LIV |
| 55 | LV |
| 56 | LVI |
| 57 | LVII |
| 58 | LVIII |
| 59 | LIX |
| 60 | LX |
| 61 | LXI |
| 62 | LXII |
| 63 | LXIII |
| 64 | LXIV |
| 65 | LXV |
| 66 | LXVI |
| 67 | LXVII |
| 68 | LXVIII |
| 69 | LXIX |
| 70 | LXX |
| 71 | LXXI |
| 72 | LXXII |
| 73 | LXXIII |
| 74 | LXXIV |
| 75 | LXXV |
| 76 | LXXVI |
| 77 | LXXVII |
| 78 | LXXVIII |
| 79 | LXXIX |
| 80 | LXXX |
| 81 | LXXXI |
| 82 | LXXXII |
| 83 | LXXXIII |
| 84 | LXXXIV |
| 85 | LXXXV |
| 86 | LXXXVI |
| 87 | LXXXVII |
| 88 | LXXXVIII |
| 89 | LXXXIX |
| 90 | XC |
| 91 | XCI |
| 92 | XCII |
| 93 | XCIII |
| 94 | XCIV |
| 95 | XCV |
| 96 | XCVI |
| 97 | XCVII |
| 98 | XCVIII |
| 99 | XCIX |
| 100 | C |
Larger Numbers
The pattern continues past 100 using C (100), D (500), and M (1,000). The largest value expressible with standard notation is 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX) — one more M would repeat the symbol a fourth time. Larger numbers historically used a bar (vinculum) over a numeral to multiply it by 1,000.
- 2024 → MMXXIV
- 1994 → MCMXCIV
- 3999 → MMMCMXCIX
Frequently Asked Questions
Is there a Roman numeral for zero?
No. The Romans had no symbol for zero; the concept was not used in their number system.
Why is 4 written as IV and not IIII?
The subtractive notation (IV) became the standard form for avoiding four repeated symbols, though IIII still appears on some clock faces for visual symmetry with VIII.
What is the highest number you can write in standard Roman numerals?
3,999 (MMMCMXCIX), since a fourth M cannot be repeated and there is no standard subtractive symbol above M.